An Investigation of Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-payment System in Libya

Electronic payment systems (EPS) have received considerable attention from researchers and business owners worldwide, because of their potential to support economic development and growth. Despite the significant contribution of the growth in EPS to the ability to complete transactions via the Internet, Libya lags significantly behind developed countries in its adoption of EPS. This research focuses on factors affecting EPS adoption and use in Libya, explaining how they positively or negatively affect Libyan customers and organisations‟ willingness to adopt EPS. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders, including consumers, organisational staff (e.g. Telecommunications Companies, Banks, the Ministry of Telecommunication and Informatics, etc.), and strategic decision-makers (e.g. the Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Communications, Director of Islamic Banking at Bank of Republic). The research implements Grounded Theory methods (GT), in particular the Straussian approach, to analyse, explore, and investigate the socio-organisational, technical, political, and economic factors affecting the adoption of EPS in Libya, and importantly the relationship between these factors. It discusses the impact of the factors identified, from both organisational and consumer perspectives, highlighting the factors and issues that need to be overcome to support successful adoption of EPS. The findings confirm that, for consumers and organisations alike, economic factors (e.g. perceived benefits, cooperation with existing entities, mutuality of stakeholders, Internet costs, standard of living, marketing businesses, awareness, withdrawal control, XX feasibility studies on EPS implementation, Islamic banking services and competition) are the core factors influencing the system‟s adoption. Furthermore, the findings revealed three new and significant factors of relevance to Libya, including standard of living, post coding and the unstable political situation in the country. These represent a unique contribution to the body of knowledge, illustrating the attitude of the Libyan people toward Internet usage, and current obstacles to EPS adoption. The use of substantive GT, in particular the Straussian approach, for data collection and data analysis in the field of EPS adoption, and the assessment of organisational and consumer attitudes, is unique to this research to the best of the researcher‟s knowledge. Thus, the research embodies a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge. The interpretive analysis of data using a Straussian approach has permitted the researcher to attain a deep understanding of the socio-organisational, economic, political, and technical factors affecting adoption of an E-payment system in Libya, as implemented by different stakeholders: Consumers, and Organisational. The benefits that the adoption of EPS in Libya will bring, include facilitation of online transactions, the availability of more secure websites, easier payment and access to the global markets. Furthermore, detailed recommendations are also being offered to assist decision-makers in the development and introduction of EPS in Libya, i.e. including the Communications and Informatics Ministry, which is hoped will advise internet service providers and companies to discount the cost of using the internet for limited bandwidths, in order to insure everyone access to the internet, and EPS

The Influence of Trust, Security and Reliability of Multimedia Payment on the Adoption of EPS in Libya

Despite the vital contribution of the growth EPS globally in economic, Libya intervals clearly behind most developing countries in MENA. This paper explored and investigated a number of technical factors effecting the successful adoption of EPS and their impact on each other in Libya. It offers a unique insight into how the organisational and customers perceive the technical factors effecting the adoption of EPS by multimedia. Based on the grounded theory (Straussian approach) and through using semi-structured interview approach, the study indicated that respondents perceived technical factors as the important factors influencing the EPS adoption in Libya by Multimedia Payment. Suggestions and recommendations regarding encouraging were also provided, as well as the use of promotional and media means through multimedia to motivate users to adopt it

The Technical, Non-technical Issues and the Challenges of Migration to Free and Open Source Software

Abstract Interest has been raised over software that has been developed not by dedicated software companies but by groups of independent programmers with different level of experience who collaborate over the Internet and offer the fruits of their labor free. Open source software communities have successfully developed many software pieces and suggest Free Open Source Software (FOSS) as a solution for a lot of computing problems, although most computer users only use proprietary applications. Many proprietary software users claim that open source software invites problems, such as, generating software codes that could be vulnerable to hackers and prone to errors. This paper presents an overview of the real issues and challenges for the migration to free and open source software (FOSS) and suggests some important criteria for assessing migration issues and challenges. Migratory problems may be divided into technical and nontechnical issues and challenges. The technical issues and challenges include performance, technical infrastructure, usability, integrity, support availability, security, information flow control, data migration, flexibility and ease of use and management and maintenance of OSS, whereas the non-technical issues and challenges include organizational culture, human factors (staff skills) and legal issues

Media and Non-media Students’ Feedback and Improvement of University Teaching and the Learning Environment

Effective learning and good feedback provision are essential approaches to improving students’ learning, becoming aware of students’ views, and improving teaching abilities via formative feedback. Based on formative assessment through action research, this study investigates the impact of univer sity students’ feedback on the learning process. Data were gathered from seven groups, with around 25 students in each group, from the Faculty of CEM at DMU during the spring semester of 2019/2020. The findings revealed that positive and negative feedback was provided, suggesting that one of the many ways to ensure high feedback standards is to provide detailed feedback, ensuring accuracy and understanding by encouraging more students to participate and reflect on their learning process and experience. The findings can also serve as the baselines for future learning-environment researc

The Influence of YouTube Videos on ELA During the COVID-19 Outbreaks in Jordan

YouTube has become a vital platform, amongst other social-media sites, especially in e-learning / self learning and in the unforeseen time of COVID-19. This study explores the influence of YouTube videos on users’ behavioral intention regarding e-learning acceptance and their perceptions through targeting online university students (n=180) in Jordan, using the PLS-SEM procedure through SmartPLS software. The findings indicated that users’ behavioral intention to adopt new e-learning was positively influenced by performance expectancy, perceived usefulness and ease-of-use. The findings were presented and discussed in relation to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and UTATU frameworks